- Drafting Simple Will and Trust Clauses
(
Tracy A. Craig, Esq.,
Mirick, O'Connell, DeMallie & Lougee LLP Ruth A. Mattson, Esq.,
Bove & Langa, PC
Christopher G. Mehne, Esq.,
Bowditch & Dewey LLP Janet Wilson Moore, Esq.,
Mirick, O'Connell, DeMallie & Lougee LLP
Introduction
Simple Will
Exordium
Payment of Just Debts and Expenses
Gifts of Tangible Personal Property (Exhibit 3A, Article First)
Cash
Investment Property
Insurance
Memorandum or Letter of Instructions
Cost of Delivery
Income Taxes
Survival
Alternative Tangible Personal Property Clauses
Specific Devises
Form of General Devise of Cash
Form of Specific Devise of Stock
Form of Charitable Devises
Disposition of the Residue (Exhibit 3A, Article Second)
Powers of the Personal Representative (Exhibit 3A, Article Third)
Introductory Clause
Powers Granted by Section 3-715(a)
Statutory Optional Fiduciary Powers
Power to Compromise Claims Against the Estate
Power to Distribute Assets in Kind
Power to Employ Appraisers to Ascertain the Fair Market Value of Assets
Power to Incur Expenses, Including Reasonable Attorney Fees, in Estate Litigation
Power to Sell or Mortgage Real Estate
Power to Invest
Power to Retain Investments of the Testator
Power to Pay Costs of Delivery
Power to Insure and Transfer Insurance Coverage
Power to Distribute to, or for the Benefit of, a Minor
Power to Borrow, Pledge, and Mortgage
Power to Make Loans
Nominee Power
Power to Use Agents
Power to Operate a Business
Power to Manage Real Estate
Power to File Joint Tax Returns
Appointment of Personal Representative (Exhibit 3A, Article Fourth)
The Personal Representative
Selection of Personal Representative
Waiver of Sureties
Elimination of Temporary Executor
Special Personal Representative
Definition of Personal Representative
Possible Alternative Clauses for Article Fourth
Where Two Personal Representatives Are Desired
Authority to Delegate to a Co-Personal Representative
Majority Control, Three or More Personal Representatives
Liability of Personal Representatives
Tax Clause (Exhibit 3A, Article Fifth)
Rules of Construction (Exhibit 3A, Article Sixth)
Definition of Descendants
"By Right of Representation" Versus "Per Capita at Each Generation"
Persons Born Out of Wedlock (Illegitimate Children)
Thirty-Day Survivorship
Concept of Virtual Representation; Need for Guardian ad Litem
Possible Additional Clauses for Article Sixth
Omitted Descendants
Adopted Children
Testimonium and Attestation
Self-Proving Affidavit
Will Passing Residue to Trust
Overview
Defining Living Trusts Versus Trusts Under Will
Choosing Between Living Trusts and Trusts Under Will
Pouring Residue Over into Living Trust
Pour-Over into Separate Trust
Incorporation of Trust Agreement into Will by Reference
Preliminary Considerations when Drafting a Testamentary Trust
Spray Trusts Versus Separate Shares
Disposition of Income and Principal
Will with Testamentary Trust (Exhibit 3B)
Tangibles (Exhibit 3B, Article First)
Outright Disposition of the Residue (Exhibit 3B, Article Second)
Testamentary Trust Provisions (Exhibit 3B, Article Third)
Summary
Division of the Trust Property into Shares (Paragraph A)
Discretion of the Trustee (Paragraph A)
Partial Distributions at Specific Ages
Testamentary Limited (Nongeneral) Power of Appointment
Distribution of Trust Share if No Exercise of Special Power of Appointment
Trust Share for Beneficiaries Under Age Twenty-Five
Rule Against Perpetuities
Precatory Language and Termination of Small Trusts
Power to Terminate the Trust
"Ultimate" Disposition
Beneficiary's Medical and Funeral Expenses
Alternate Spray Trust Provisions (Exhibit 3C)
Use of Spray Trust
Trustee's Discretion
Withdrawal
Limited (Nongeneral) Power of Appointment
Separate Share Trusts for Minors
Avoiding the Rule Against Perpetuities
Ultimate Beneficiaries
Miscellaneous Provisions (Exhibit 3B, Article Fourth)
Omitted Descendants
Spendthrift Provisions
Survivorship
Powers of Personal Representatives and Trustees (Exhibit 3B, Article Fifth)
Power to Sell, Mortgage, and Lease and to Grant Options
Power to Retain Investments
Power to Invest
Power to Participate in Reorganization
Power to Pay Costs of Delivery, to Insure, and to Transfer Insurance Coverage
Power to Make Distributions in Kind
Power to Compromise Claims
Power to Borrow
Power to Make Loans and Deal with Testator's Estate
Power to Purchase and Maintain Real Estate
Power to Manage Real Estate
Power to Retain Agents and Grant Proxies; Nominee Power
Power to Distribute to, or for the Benefit of, a Minor or an Incompetent
Nominee Power
Common Trust Funds
Business Powers
Power to Determine Income and Principal
Power to Establish Reserves
Consolidation of Funds
Division of Trust into Shares
Environmental Remediation
Compensation of Fiduciaries
Additional Powers of Personal Representative (Exhibit 3B, Article Sixth)
Power to File Joint Tax Returns
Power to Make Tax Elections
Tax Clause (Exhibit 3B, Article Seventh)
Appointment of Fiduciaries (Exhibit 3B, Article Eighth)
Appointment of Personal Representative
Appointment of Trustee
Selection of Trustees
Cotrustees and Successor Trustees
Majority Control, Three or More Trustees
Liability of Trustees
Authority to Delegate to a Cotrustee
Appointment of Guardians and Conservators for Minors
Appointment
Duties
Waiver of Sureties
Waiver of Guardian Ad Litem for Accounts
Title to Property and Successor Personal Representatives and Trustees
Trustee's Accounts (Exhibit 3B, Article Ninth)
Definition of Personal Representative and Trustee
Descendants
Virtual Representation (Exhibit 3B, Article Tenth)
Virtual Representation with Respect to Personal Representative
Virtual Representation with Respect to Trustees
Rules of Construction (Exhibit 3B, Article Eleventh)
Definition of Personal Representative and Trustee
Descendants
Testimonium and Attestation
Codicil
Durable Power of Attorney and Health Care Proxy
Durable Power of Attorney
Health Care Proxy
Agent's Powers
Agent's Authority to Act
Revocation
Liability of the Agent and the Health Care Provider
Health Information Disclosure Authorization